McIntosh agreed to cede all Muscogee lands east of the Chattahoochee River, including the sacred Ocmulgee National Monument, to Georgia and Alabama, and accepted relocation west of the Mississippi River to an equivalent parcel of land along the Arkansas River.
What did the Treaty of Indian Springs?
The First Treaty of Indian Springs, or more formally the Treaty with the Creeks, 1821, entailed the Creeks ceding their remaining land east of the Flint River in Georgia to the United States. The treaty made the Creek National Council even more determined to cede no more land.
Why did William McIntosh agree to the Treaty of Indian Springs?
On February 12, 1825, only six chiefs, including McIntosh, signed the document. McIntosh’s motives have since been debated. His supporters suggest that he acted pragmatically, believing that the Georgians’ relentless demand for Creek land made its loss inevitable.
What was the second Treaty of Indian Springs motivated by?
It was motivated by the discovery of gold in American Indian territory.
Who refused to sign the Indian Springs?
A new treaty—the Treaty of Washington—was signed, but the governor of Georgia refused to recognize the second treaty and began forcing the Creek off their land anyway. Two chiefs of the Creek Nation.
Why was the Treaty of Indian Springs invalid?
Led by Chief McIntosh, the Creek Indians ceded all land between the Flint and Ocmulgee Rivers and north to the Chattahoochee River on January 8, 1821, in the First Treaty of Indian Springs. Two years later, the treaty was declared invalid because of rumors of bribery and coercion.
Was William McIntosh a hero or villain?
William McIntosh (1775 – April 30, 1825), also known as Tustunnuggee Hutke (White Warrior), was one of the most prominent chiefs of the Creek Nation between the turn of the nineteenth century and his execution in 1825. He was a chief of Coweta town and commander of a mounted police force.
Where was William McIntosh killed?
What influenced William McIntosh?
Though raised among the creeks, he spoke fluent English and was related by blood or marriage to several prominent Georgians—including governors George Troup and David Mitchell—strengthening his loyalty to the United States.
How are the Treaty of Indian Springs and the Treaty of New Echota similar?
How were Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) and the Treaty of New Echota (1835) similar to each other? They were direct causes of the Daholonega Gold Rush. They were attempts to ease conflict between slave-holders and non-slave-holders. They both resulted in Natives’ loss land in the Southeastern United States.
What were the fifteen years between removal and the civil war known as?
The era between the Cherokee civil war and the American Civil War is known as “the Golden Age of the Cherokees” (1849–60).
How did the Creek tribe react to the Indian Removal Act?
Most Creeks were overwhelmingly opposed to the land cession, and the sale of land without the approval of the Creek National Council was punishable by death under Creek law. … The Treaty of Washington restored Creek land within Alabama but allowed the state of Georgia to keep ceded Creek lands.
What caused the loss of Creek land in 1818 1832?
In their defeat, the Creeks lost 22 million acres of land in southern Georgia and central Alabama. The U.S. acquired more land in 1818 when, spurred in part by the motivation to punish the Seminoles for their practice of harboring fugitive slaves, Jackson’s troops invaded Spanish Florida.
Why was the Treaty of Indian Springs a betrayal of the Creek Nation?
Following the agreement that was reached in the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1825, Chief McIntosh lost his life. Why did this happen? They was betrayed by rival American Indian who wanted the land he had received. Creek leaders executed McIntosh because he made the agreement without their consent.
What was the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1825 and what was the result of its signing?
The treaty
McIntosh agreed to cede all Muscogee lands east of the Chattahoochee River, including the sacred Ocmulgee National Monument, to Georgia and Alabama, and accepted relocation west of the Mississippi River to an equivalent parcel of land along the Arkansas River.